Taken from computerhope.com
Unix, Linux, and variant history
Linux.org presented one of the most detailed important events in the history of the Linux operating system development
1983
September Richard M. Stallman announces the GNU Project, an attempt at creating a completely free operating system.
1984
January Work begins on the GNU operating system
1985
October Free Software Foundation established as a non-profit organization to promote the development of Free Software. Sponsors the GNU Project.
1987
January Computer science professor Andrew Tannenbaum publishes the textbook Operating Systems: Design and Implementation which includes a copy of a teaching version of Unix called Minix.
December Larry Wall releases version 1.0 of Perl
This is the list of commonly used commands in systems administration.
Clocks
hwclock Manage hardware clock.
netdate Set clock according to host’s clock.
rdate Manage time server.
zdump Print list of time zones.
zic Create time conversion information files.
Host Information
arch Print machine architecture.
dnsdomainname Print DNS domain name.
domainname Print NIS domain name.
free Print memory usage.
host Print host and zone information.
hostname Print or set hostname.
nslookup Query Internet domain name servers.
uname Print host information.
These commands will work with most (if not all) distributions of Linux as well as most (?) implementations of Unix.
Communication
ftp – File Transfer Protocol.
login – Sign on.
rlogin – Sign on to remote system.
rsh – Run shell or single command on remote system.
talk -Exchange messages interactively with other terminals.
telnet – Connect to another system.
tftp – Trivial file transfer protocol.
Comparisons
cmp – Compare two files, byte by byte.
comm – Compare items in two sorted files.
diff – Compare two files, line by line.
diff3 – Compare three files.
Before we start with Linux tutorials, it’s better to understand its history to understand the philosophy behind and fully appreciate the best operating system in the planet.
Taken from Wikipedia:
In 1991, in Helsinki, Linus Torvalds began a project that later became the Linux kernel. It was initially a terminal emulator, which Torvalds used to access the large UNIX servers of the university. He wrote the program specifically for the hardware he was using and independent of an operating system because he wanted to use the functions of his new PC with an 80386 processor. Development was done on Minix using the GNU C compiler. This application is still the main choice for compiling Linux today (although the code can be built with other compilers, such as the Intel C Compiler).
